A percentage is a fraction with denominator 100. To find X% of a number, multiply the number by X/100.
To find what percent A is of B: (A / B) x 100%.
Percentage change formula: ((New - Old) / |Old|) x 100%.
Example: value changes from 50 to 80. Change = ((80-50)/50) x 100 = 60%.
Four percentage operations in one tool:
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Shopping: Calculate sale prices after a discount. Find the final cost with tax added.
Finance: Compute interest rates, investment returns, loan payments as percentages of principal.
Education: Solve percentage word problems, calculate test scores, determine grade weights.
Business: Track revenue growth, profit margins, conversion rates, and market share.
Tipping: Find 15% or 20% of a restaurant bill in one step.
To add P% to a number N: Result = N x (1 + P/100).
Example: Add 15% to 200 = 200 x 1.15 = 230.
To subtract P% from a number N: Result = N x (1 - P/100).
Example: Subtract 15% from 200 = 200 x 0.85 = 170.
Percentage: A ratio expressed as a fraction of 100, denoted by the % sign.
Base value: The original number the percentage applies to.
Percentage of a number: The result of multiplying a number by a percentage.
Percentage change: The difference between two values expressed as a percentage of the original.
Percentage increase: Adding a percentage of the original value.
Percentage decrease: Subtracting a percentage of the original value.
Read the problem carefully: Identify whether you need a percentage of a number, a percentage change, or a comparison.
Use the right formula: Percentage of number = Number x Percent/100. Percentage change = (Difference/Original) x 100.
Order of operations: Multiply by the percentage first, then divide by 100.
Check your work: For financial calculations, verify with a second method.